The Role of Youth in Shaping the Future of Democracy and Capitalism

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• August 5, 2025
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How Young People Are Driving Change in Political and Economic Systems Worldwide

Key Insights:

1. Youth Demographics: India has the largest youth population in the world, with over 600 million people under the age of 25 (United Nations Population Fund, 2024).
2. Economic Participation: Millennials and Gen Z now account for 47% of India’s workforce, driving trends in the gig economy, entrepreneurship, and social enterprises (Ministry of Labour, 2024).
3. Political Engagement: Voter turnout among youth increased by 10% in India’s 2024 general elections compared to 2019, reflecting growing political awareness (Election Commission of India).

Introduction

Youth play a transformative role in shaping the future of democracy and capitalism. In India, where young people form the backbone of society, their engagement in political processes and economic activities is redefining the nation’s trajectory. As digital natives, they leverage technology to advocate for transparency, inclusivity, and innovation. This article explores how youth influence democracy and capitalism, the challenges they face, and their potential to create a more equitable and sustainable future.

Youth as Catalysts for Democratic Change

1. Increasing Political Participation

India’s youth are becoming more politically aware and active:

• High Voter Turnout: The 2024 general elections saw a surge in youth turnout, driven by campaigns like Vote for Change, which used social media to mobilize first-time voters.
• Student Activism: Movements like the Save Aarey campaign and anti-CAA protests highlight the role of students in advocating for environmental and social justice.

2. Demand for Transparency and Accountability

Youth are leveraging technology to enhance democratic governance:

• Digital Advocacy: Platforms like Instagram and Twitter amplify issues like unemployment, corruption, and climate change, forcing policymakers to respond.
• RTI Activism: Young RTI activists have filed over 200,000 applications in the past five years, exposing governance lapses and corruption (Central Information Commission).

Youth’s Influence on Capitalism

1. Driving the Gig Economy and Startups

Young people are reshaping traditional economic models:

• Entrepreneurship: India has over 90,000 startups as of 2024, many led by young innovators addressing issues from fintech to sustainability (NASSCOM, 2024).
• Gig Economy Participation: Platforms like Swiggy, Zomato, and Urban Company employ millions of young workers, offering flexibility and income opportunities.

2. Ethical Consumption and Sustainable Practices

Youth demand accountability from corporations, influencing market trends:

• Sustainability Focus: Millennials and Gen Z prioritize eco-friendly products, pushing businesses to adopt green practices.
• Social Enterprises: Many young entrepreneurs focus on creating businesses with a social impact, blending capitalism with community welfare.

Challenges Faced by Youth

1. Economic Inequality

• Underemployment: Despite education, many young Indians remain underemployed, with over 12% of urban youth jobless in 2024 (CMIE).
• Access to Capital: Young entrepreneurs struggle to secure funding, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds.

2. Political Alienation

• Limited Representation: Only 7% of India’s Parliament members are under 35, reflecting a gap in youth representation.
• Systemic Barriers: Entrenched political structures often exclude young voices from decision-making processes.

The Way Forward

1. Foster Youth Leadership: Encourage youth participation in politics through mentorship programs and quotas for young candidates in elections.
2. Invest in Education and Skills: Enhance access to quality education and vocational training to prepare young people for evolving economic demands.
3. Support Startups and Innovation: Provide grants and incentives for young entrepreneurs, particularly those in rural areas or from underrepresented communities.
4. Digital Literacy: Expand digital access to ensure equitable participation in online advocacy and economic opportunities.
5. Youth-Driven Policymaking: Involve youth in advisory roles to shape policies that reflect their aspirations and priorities.

Conclusion

The youth of today are not just the leaders of tomorrow; they are shaping the present and future of democracy and capitalism. In India, their influence is evident in their political activism, entrepreneurial ventures, and demand for ethical practices. To harness their potential fully, governments and businesses must address structural barriers and create platforms for meaningful engagement. Empowering youth is essential for building a democratic and capitalist system that is inclusive, innovative, and resilient.